@article{PUB,
      recid = {21239},
      author = {Kim, Inwook},
      title = {Sanctions for Nuclear Inhibition: Comparing Sanction  Conditions between Iran and North Korea},
      journal = {Asian Perspective},
      address = {2019},
      number = {PUB},
      abstract = {When do sanctions succeed in nuclear inhibition? Is there  a generalizable framework to estimate sanction effective-  ness against nuclear aspirants? Instead of relying on  partial equilibrium analysis, we conceptualize sanctions as  three sequential phases—imposition of economic pain,  conversation to political pressure, and creation (or  failure thereof)of zone of possible agreement (ZOPA). The  effectiveness of each phase is subject to phase-specific  contextual variables,an aggregation of which helps measure  individual sanction’s effectiveness, conduct cross-case  comparison, and estimate one’s replicability in other  cases. To illustrate its analytical utility, we analyze the  divergent sanction outcomes between Iran in 2012–2015 and  North Korea in 2013–2017. Iran was economically more  vulnerable and politically less resilient, and its  bargaining position was closer to a ZOPA than North Korea  was. Our analysis questions the utility of economic  sanctions against North Korea and helps expand the  discussion away from the policy obsession with the role of  China. Theoretically, it rectifies an imbalance against  qualitative and holistic approach in the sanction  literature and contributes to discussions about nuclear  inhibition strategies.},
      url = {http://sanctionsplatform.ohchr.org/record/21239},
}