Over the last three decades, the role of economic sanctions in foreign policy has rapidly expanded (Institute for International Economics 2002). Economic sanctions are non-military measures that aim to change a target state’s behavior (Kaempfer and Lowenberg 2007). Some analysts argue that economic sanctions are incapable of achieving their goals, because they have no real influence on the target economy’s rulers (Drezner 1999; Elliott 1998; Hufbauer et al. 1990; Pape 1997). Others suggest that whereas sanctions may have a relatively high chance of success in the immediate period after their implementation (Dizaji and van Bergeijk 2013), over time, the target economy is likely to adjust to the imposed constraints by reallocating its resources (see Chap. 8; Dizaji and van Bergeijk 2013; Siddig 2011).