Abstract
Although there is enormous discussion on normative power Europe, there is relatively
less focus on the EU sanctions regime, though sanctions have become a useful
foreign policy tool as the EU has applied sanctions within the framework of the
Common Foreign and Security Policy. Looking at the literature, Kreutz focused on
the EU sanctions regime in the time period of 1981–2004, during which sanctions
were used to accomplish normative goals. Yet, later on Brummer argued that
although norms and values still play a role in the EU’s sanctions regime, more often
they were surpassed by security and economic interests. This article examines the
previous work on the EU sanctions regime and tries to comprehend why the use of
sanctions has increased over time as well as whether they have been “selectively”
used. In addition, the article analyzes whether the normative commitment is crucial
in the construction of the EU sanctions regime. The EU sanctions regime toward
Iran is analyzed in particular, because as indicated by Santini and Tabrizi, Iran is the
first country against which the EU has developed a new strategy out of weapons of
mass destruction concerns, starting in 2006. Since 2010, EU foreign ministers have
adopted tougher sanctions in an effort to block its controversial nuclear program.
Recently, the Iran nuclear deal of November 2013 was interpreted as attributable
to sanctions against Iran, in which EU sanctions have constituted a remarkable
role, have proven effective.