Abstract

Since 2010, secondary sanctions have acquired growing visibility in US economic sanctions tool-kits. The seeming effectiveness of US secondary sanctions in deterring third parties are undergirded by three factors, namely, the moral ground that the US has gained after the September 11 attacks in battling global terrorism and preventing nuclear proliferation with secondary sanctions, the seamless integration of the US dollar hegemony and America’s intelligence machines, and the asymmetric strike that“smart sanctions”are able to launch on third parties. However, with America’s increasingly abusive use of secondary sanctions, the above three supportive factors are being undermined irreversibly. More countries have realized that the only viable way to successfully neutralize US secondary sanctions is to push for dedollarization in the long run.

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