Sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council affect large numbers of people, businesses and governments worldwide. They are central to the United Nations’ (UN) efforts to maintain international peace and security in contexts from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Yet concerns about the fairness and clarity of the processes by which individuals and entities are listed as sanctions targets, and delisted, have threatened to disrupt the effective, universal implementation of UN sanctions regimes, particularly in the counter-terrorism context.